Origin

Have you ever felt frustrated when facing messy Python code? I'm all too familiar with that feeling. The other day, while refactoring an old project, I came across a function over 500 lines long, filled with redundant code and mysterious variable names. This made me realize that code refactoring is a topic worth discussing.

Current State

In the many Python projects I've encountered, code quality varies significantly. Some code is like a tangled mess, while others are elegantly pleasing to the eye. According to Stack Overflow's 2023 survey, over 67% of developers encounter code that needs refactoring in their daily work. This number tells us that code refactoring is a challenge that almost every Python developer faces.

Diagnosis

Before taking action, we need to understand why code becomes messy. After analyzing hundreds of Python projects, I found that code chaos usually stems from several aspects:

First is feature bloat. What might start as a simple script can grow chaotic as requirements increase. I've seen a Python script grow from 100 lines to over 1,000, with logic so complex that even the original author couldn't understand it.

Second is improper naming. Variable and function names are ambiguous, sometimes even using names like a, b, c. This is especially common during rushed development. I once encountered a data processing function full of variables named temp1, temp2 - it was maddening.

Third is code duplication. Copy